Search results for "Mycorhizes à arbuscules"
showing 7 items of 7 documents
Regional-scale analysis of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: the case of Burgundy vineyards
2016
SPE IPM INRA UB; Aim : To improve knowledge of arbuscular fungal communities for a sustainable management in vineyards. Methods and results : In 16 plots across Burgundy under contrasted soil properties and agricultural practices, we assessed arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) diversity in vine roots, using pyrosequencing of ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacers (ITS). AMF sequences could be retrieved from all plots across Burgundy, both in organic and in conventional vineyards with high chemical inputs. Sequences from the survey were almost exclusively affiliated to molecular taxa in the Glomerales, including six “core species” found in all plots, corresponding to 77% of all sequences, s…
Mycorhizes à arbuscules : le transportome biotrophe de la cellule au champ
2017
Understanding mechanisms underlying high nutrients use efficiency and carbon allocation in a context of mycorrhizal interactions is critical for sound management of croplands taking care of ecosystem services rendered by mycorrhizal fungi. Transport processes across the polarised membrane interfaces are of major importance in the functioning of the established mycorrhizal association as the symbiotic relation is based on a 'fair-trade' between fungus and host plant. Uptake and exchanges of nutrient and/or metabolites, at biotrophic interfaces are controlled by membrane transporters and their regulation patterns are essential in determining the outcome of plant fungal interactions and in ada…
Caracterisation for ancient wheat varieties for their ability to form mycorrhiza and grain quality impact
2014
Wheat (kind Tritucum aestivum, Poaceae family) is a very important cereal ofagronomic interest. Some very ancient varieties are set aside for recent varieties often selected to meet a consumer intensive cultivation of pesticides. Organic farming production system assuming a reduction of synthetic chemical inputs in order to preserve the ecosystem can be defined as a practice where the use of synthetic fertilizers, chemical pesticides and genetically modified organisms is prohibited. This practice is gaining more and more popularity and the amount of land cultivated in this way has increased by 60% between 2000 and 2004. Constraints associated with the production of organic grains include lo…
Characterization of Pea (Pisum Sativum L.) genes implicated in arbuscular mycorrhiza formation and function
2010
The arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) association results from a successful interaction between the genomes of the two symbiotic partners. In this context, the aim of my research was to better characterize the role of the late stage symbiosis-related pea genes PsSym36, PsSym33 and PsSym40 in the functional AM (i) by investigating the effect of mutations in the three genes on fungal and plant gene responses and (ii) by creating conditions for the localization of two of the genes, PsSym36 and PsSym40, on the pea genetic map for future map-based cloning. The expression of a subset of ten fungal and eight plant genes,previously reported to be activated during mycorrhiza development, was compared in G…
The contribution of model legumes to arbuscular mycorrhiza research
2009
International audience
Les mycorhizes à arbuscules, technologie pour l'amélioration de la production végétale
2011
International audience
Caractérisation d'une collection de variétés anciennes de blé pour leur aptitude à former les mycorhizes et impact sur la qualité des graines
2014
Le blé (genre Tritucum aestivum, famille des Poaceae) est une céréale d’intérêt agronomique très important. Certaines variétés très anciennes sont mise de côté pour des variétés plus récentes souvent sélectionnées pour répondre à une culture intensive consommatrice de produits phytosanitaires. L’agriculture biologique, système de production supposant une réduction des intrants chimiques de synthèse afin de préserver l’écosystème, peut se définir comme une pratique où l’emploi d’engrais synthétiques, de pesticides chimiques et d’organismes génétiquement modifiés est prohibé. Cette pratique gagne de plus en plus en popularité et la superficie des terres cultivées de cette manière a crû de 60 …